cultură şi spiritualitate
A history of the Philippines’ 7,000 islands from the pre-colonial era to the present day.
https://www.historytoday.com/archive/review/return-marcos
The Philippines is one of the least understood countries in Asia. It became infamous for the brutal ‘kleptocratic dictatorship’ (in Philip Bowring’s words) of Ferdinand Marcos and the multiple convictions for corruption of his wife, Imelda, whose extravagant collection of shoes attracted notoriety. Thousands of Filipinos, but especially Filipinas, emigrated to escape poverty by serving wealthy households throughout Asia, notably in Hong Kong, their remittances contributing greatly to the economy of their homeland. Rodrigo Duterte, president from 2016 to 2022, was even more notorious, having boasted that he authorised, or participated in, extra judicial killings of drug dealers and users. After a landslide election victory in May this year Duterte was succeeded by the son of Ferdinand and Imelda, Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr, known universally as Bongbong.
The Philippines is a ‘jigsaw state’ of over 7,000 Pacific islands. Philip Bowring’s reliable and lucid new book draws on his long experience as a journalist in the region, beginning in 1973 and culminating in the editorship of the much-missed Far Eastern Economic Review, once the best English-language publication in Southeast Asia.
In the 16th century the Malayo-Polynesian language speakers of the Philippines were colonised by Spain, which placed greater emphasis on religion than other colonial powers. The continuing influence of Catholicism is testimony to that legacy, although parts of the south remain Muslim. A prosperous mestizo class, with aspirations for independence, emerged from the colonial encounter. But in 1898 Spain’s defeat by the United States in a war over Cuba encouraged the US to conquer the Philippines. Some mestizos collaborated with the new power, while others sought independence. Thousands died in a conflict that lasted until 1906.
Spanish-language education for the elite had impeded the full development of a national Filipino language, based on Tagalog, the dialect of the main island of Luzon. Under the Americans, English replaced Spanish and the elite remained divided between the Nacionalistas, who demanded independence, and the federalist Progresistas, who envisaged the Philippines as a potential state of the US. Attitudes towards the US were ambivalent: Bowring describes resentment, admiration, nationalism, opportunism, greed and fear.
By 1934 the country was effectively self-governing and independence was promised within ten years. The Japanese invasion of the Philippines, just hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, disrupted that timetable. Bowring deftly elucidates the impact of the occupation: the reality of collaborators and resisters and the creation of myths surrounding politicians such as Ferdinand Marcos and Benigno Aquino during and after the war. In the Battle of Bataan, fought between January and April 1942, Filipino and US forces were defeated and many prisoners of war died in the infamous death march. Popular resistance to the Japanese was largely in the hands of the Hukbalahap (People’s Anti-Japanese Army), which was led by the communists and turned against the US after the war.
Formal independence from the US came on 4 July 1946, but the Philippines remained a close ally and its economy was dependent on that of the US. By the end of 1955 the Hukbalahap had been suppressed and the Philippines was ruled by a series of presidents. Bongbong is the latest.
The Making of the Modern Philippines: Pieces of a Jigsaw State
Philip Bowring
Bloomsbury 256pp £25
Buy from bookshop.org (affiliate link)
Michael Dillon’s latest book is Zhou Enlai: The Enigma behind Chairman Mao (I.B. Tauris, 2020).
Numar de steaguri: 273
Record vizitatori: 8,782 (3.04.2011)
16,676 (3.04.2011)
Steaguri lipsa: 33
1 stat are peste 700,000 clickuri (Romania)
1 stat are peste 100.000 clickuri (USA)
1 stat are peste 50,000 clickuri (Moldova)
2 state au peste 20,000 clickuri (Italia, Germania)
4 state are peste 10.000 clickuri (Franta, Ungaria, Spania,, Marea Britanie,)
6 state au peste 5.000 clickuri (Olanda, Belgia, Canada, )
10 state au peste 1,000 clickuri (Polonia, Rusia, Australia, Irlanda, Israel, Grecia, Elvetia , Brazilia, Suedia, Austria)
50 state au peste 100 clickuri
20 state au un click
1.EDITURA HOFFMAN
https://www.editurahoffman.ro/
2. EDITURA ISTROS
https://www.muzeulbrailei.ro/editura-istros/
3.EDITURA UNIVERSITATII CUZA - IASI
https://www.editura.uaic.ro/produse/editura/ultimele-aparitii/1
4.ANTICARIAT UNU
https://www.anticariat-unu.ro/wishlist
5. PRINTRE CARTI
6. ANTICARIAT ALBERT
7. ANTICARIAT ODIN
8. TARGUL CARTII
9. ANTICARIAT PLUS
10. LIBRĂRIILE:NET
https://www.librariileonline.ro/carti/literatura--i1678?filtru=2-452
https://www.librarie.net/cautare-rezultate.php?&page=2&t=opere+fundamentale&sort=top
14. ANTICARIAT NOU
https://anticariatnou.wordpress.com/
15.OKAZII
https://www.okazii.ro/cart?step=0&tr_buyerid=6092150
16. ANTIKVARIUM.RO
17.ANTIKVARIUS.RO
18. ANTICARIAT URSU
https://anticariat-ursu.ro/index.php?route=common/home
19.EDITURA TEORA - UNIVERSITAS
20. EDITURA SPANDUGINO
21. FILATELIE
22 MAX
http://romanianstampnews.blogspot.com
23.LIBREX
https://www.librex.ro/search/editura+polirom/?q=editura+polirom
24. LIBMAG
https://www.libmag.ro/carti-la-preturi-sub-10-lei/filtre/edituri/polirom/
https://www.libris.ro/account/myWishlist
http://magiamuntelui.blogspot.com
27. RAZVAN CODRESCU
http://razvan-codrescu.blogspot.ro/
28.RADIO ARHIVE
https://www.facebook.com/RadioArhive/
29.IDEEA EUROPEANĂ
https://www.ideeaeuropeana.ro/colectie/opere-fundamentale/
30. SA NU UITAM
31. CERTITUDINEA
32. F.N.S.A
https://www.fnsa.ro/products/4546-dimitrie_cantemir_despre_numele_moldaviei.html
Această retea este pusă la dispoziţie sub Licenţa Atribuire-Necomercial-FărăModificări 3.0 România Creativ
1. Radu Sorescu - Petre Tutea. Viata si opera
2. Zaharia Stancu - Jocul cu moartea
3. Mihail Sebastian - Orasul cu salcimi
4. Ioan Slavici - Inchisorile mele
5. Gib Mihaescu - Donna Alba
6. Liviu Rebreanu - Ion
7. Cella Serghi - Pinza de paianjen
8. Zaharia Stancu - Descult
9. Henriette Yvonne Stahl - Intre zi si noapte
10.Mihail Sebastian - De doua mii de ani
11. George Calinescu Cartea nuntii
12. Cella Serghi Pe firul de paianjen…
Creat de altmariusclassic Dec 23, 2020 at 11:45am. Actualizat ultima dată de altmariusclassic Ian 24, 2021.
© 2024 Created by altmarius. Oferit de
Embleme | Raportare eroare | Termeni de utilizare a serviciilor
Pentru a putea adăuga comentarii trebuie să fii membru al altmarius !
Alătură-te reţelei altmarius