www.medievalists.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/blurline8_low-e1565139834350.jpg?w=798&ssl=1 798w, The J. Paul Getty Museum has opened its latest exhibition, which looks at invention of printing technology in the 15th century gave rise to a rich cross-fertilization between mechanical innovation and painterly tradition.
Blurring the Line: Manuscripts in the Age of Print will be on display until October 27, 2019. It challenges the assumption that printed media immediately replaced the production of handmade books, revealing instead a convergence of technology and artistry during the Renaissance.
“An innovation of the medieval world, print was a medium that grew and changed in response to those who created and consumed it,” says Timothy Potts, director of the J. Paul Getty Museum. “This is especially evident in the medieval and Renaissance periods, but the dynamic interaction between technology and artistic change is timeless—as we see in the transition from painting to photography, film to digital, and paper books to eReaders.”
The Sudarium, Displayed by Two Angels, by Albrecht Durer – Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles County Fund
In a world before print, text and images were manually copied in books and on panels by skilled artists, inevitably introducing variations. Exact replication was associated with divine intervention, perceived as a miraculous transfer of likeness through a saintly intermediary. The printed image opened new and more straightforward possibilities for precise reproduction while drawing heavily on medieval conventions of composition, such as iconography, two-dimensionality, added color, and portable size.
Just as many different technologies overlap in today’s world, printing did not immediately eclipse all other forms of book art in the 15th century; it was a much more complex relationship. Printers and illuminators readily shared ideas, frequently borrowing compositions from one another. Printers recognized the importance of enhancing their new products by imitating the craftsmanship in illuminated manuscripts, a form associated with wealth and prestige. Nevertheless, the illuminator’s skill continued to be valued by those with the means to commission luxury handmade books. As a result of the competition and coexistence of these two media, the 15th century saw an expansion of pictorial literacy and a new era of affordable images at the same time the art of illumination was pushed to new levels of creative achievement.
Saint Luke Painting an Image of the Virgin, about 1440 – 1450 – The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, Ms. Ludwig IX 6, fol. 209
The exhibition includes a selection of handmade books produced in the centuries after the introduction of the printing press. Though production of illuminated manuscripts slowed, handmade books were valued for their specialized craftsmanship and the prestige of the tradition they represented. They were treasured in religious, courtly, governmental, and other exclusive circles. Such personalized, made-to-order books attested to the wealth, high social status, and good taste of their patrons and owners. While print increasingly became the dominant mode of book production, illuminated manuscripts were preserved and reinvented in the post-medieval era.
According to Larisa Grollemond, assistant curator in the department of Manuscripts and curator of the exhibition, “The late 15th century is a fascinating moment in terms of artists experimenting with manuscript illumination and print, often fusing the two media in the same book. We tend to think that when print was introduced in Western Europe, illumination became a thing of the past. There’s actually a really complex artistic negotiation between these two forms that I think is similar to what’s happening today between digital and print media. I hope that visitors will be able to find some (perhaps surprising) parallels between the 15th and 21st centuries!”
To learn more about Blurring the Line: Manuscripts in the Age of Print please visit http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/print_age/
Top Image: The Way to Calvary and Saint Veronica with the Sudarium, about 1510- 1520 – The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, Ms. Ludwig IX 18, fol. 8v
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